Overcalls and Takeout Doubles

General Rules for Overcalls

A one-level overcall (1C on your right - 1H by you) promises:: 1 - A good 5-card or longer suit; AND
2 - At least 9-10+ points. You can overcall 1H with as little as ♠762 ♥AQ1087 ♦K96 ♣43.

A non-jump two-level overcall -- 1S on your right - 2C, 2D or 2H by you -- promises a stronger hand and a 6+-card (or very good 5-card) suit. The stronger your suit, the fewer points you need. If your right-hand-opponent opens 1S, a 2H overcall would show a hand like ♠A6 ♥AJ10973 ♦K96 ♣43 .

A jump overcall -- 1H on your right - 2S, 3C or 3D by you -- is a weak bid. It shows a long, strong suit with few, if any, tricks outside (usually around 5-9 points) -- a hand like ♠KQ10943 ♥643 ♦Q75 ♣4. (Alternatively, some pairs agree to play a jump overcall as intermediate, showing a 6-card suit and around 12-14 points).

A 1NT overcall shows the same approximate strength as a 1NT opener (a balanced 15-17 points), but with the additional requirement that you have stoppers (honor holdings such as Q10xx, AQx, Kxx etc.) in the suit your opponent opened. For safety. you may want to have a more than a bare minimum for a 1NT bid in a competitive auction. A recommended range is a "good" 15 points up to 18 points.

If you're vulnerable, all overcalls tend to promise more strength because the penalties are greater.

♠♥ Responding to Partner's Major-Suit Overcall

Raise partner's major suit if you have fair strength and 3+ card support:
    Raise one level with 7-10 pts
    Jump-raise with 10-12 points
    Bid game with 12+ points

Bid notrump if you have no fit for partner's major, but good stoppers in the opponent's suit:
    1NT with 8-11 points
    2NT with 11-13 points
    3NT with 13+ points

Bid a new suit if you have no fit for partner's suit, 9+ points and a good 5-card suit of your own.

Pass if you have none of the above.

♦♣ Responding to Partner's Minor-Suit Overcall

If partner overcalls clubs or diamonds, you can follow the same general rules as above. However, if you have good stoppers in the opponent's suit and invitational or better strength (10+ points), you should consider suggesting notrump rather than raising partner's suit. Notrump will often be the easiest game to make, especially if you have at least a partial fit with partner's suit (a doubleton honor, for example).

Responding to a Weak Jump Overcall (major or minor)

Partner's jump overcall is a preempt, so you need a fit and quick tricks (aces and kings) to consider a game. If you're weak or if you lack support for partner's suit, you should usually just pass -- don't try to "rescue" him by suggesting other suits or notrump.

If you do have a fit (3-card support) and a few tricks, you can make a simple raise below game (raising partner's 2S overcall to 3S, or his 3C overcall to 4C). This raise is meant only to further the preempt, and is not invitational to game. Partner should always pass a simple raise.

General Rules for Takeout Doubles

If your opponent opens with a suit bid, a double by you promises:

At least opening-bid strength (12+ points)
Shortness in the suit the opponent opened.
Support for all unbid suits. Your double forces partner to bid, so you must have at least 3-card length in any suit he will choose. Typical hands for a takeout double of an opponent's 1C opening would be:
      ♠KJ76    ♥AQ2     ♦KJ64       ♣65
      ♠Q104   ♥AKJ4    ♦K10432   ♣8
     ♠KQ74   ♥10864   ♦AQJ82   ♣Void

The exceptions: There are two types of hands where you can double without support for all unbid suits. Both are hands that are so strong that you don't want to risk making a simple overcall and having partner pass.

1 - One long suit and great strength (17+ points). Your hand and your suit should be strong enough that you could make game if partner has as little as 4-6 points and a fit -- a hand such as
♠KJ ♥AQJ1084 ♦AK65 ♣7 .
To describe this hand after your RHO opens, start with a takeout double that forces partner to respond. Then "overrule" partner's choice by freely bidding your heart suit at your next turn.

2 - A very strong balanced hand (19+ points) that is too strong for a 1NT overcall -- a hand such as
♠74 ♥AQ10 ♦KQ864 ♣AKJ .
After RHO opens, start with a double, then bid 1NT (or 2NT, if the auction is at the 2-level) at your next turn.

If your opponent opens 1NT, all the suits are unbid, so your double is not for takeout. A double of 1NT is for penalty, showing at least 17-18 points. Use this double cautiously. Even if you have a lot of high-card points, you should avoid making a penalty double unless you have a strong suit to lead.

Responding to Partner's Takeout Double

If partner doubles an opponent's suit bid, you must bid unless:

The opponent on your right has also entered the bidding, OR
You have a long, strong holding in the opponent's suit and want to pass and "convert" partner's takeout double to a penalty double.

If partner doubles and the next hand passes, respond your longest unbid suit at the level that shows your point-count:

0-8 points -- Bid your longest suit at the lowest level possible (1H - DBL - Pass - 1S, 2C or 2D).
8+-11 points -- Jump a level in your longest suit to show strength (1H - DBL - Pass - 2S, 3C or 3D).
7-10 points -- Bid 1NT if you have good stoppers in the opponent's suit.
11-12 points -- Jump to 2NT if you have stoppers in the opponent's suit, but do not have length in an unbid major.
12+ points -- Jump to game in your suit (usually an unbid major) or notrump if you have good stoppers.

Another way to force when you have a strong response (12+ points) is to cuebid the opponent's suit (1D-DBL-Pass-2D). This tells partner that you have game-forcing values, but need more information, usually because you aren't certain of which game to bid. You may need to find stoppers for notrump, or you may be uncertain because you have only 4-card length in unbid suits and fear that partner has only 3 cards for his takeout double. After your cuebid, partner should bid his cheapest 4-card suit, which should help you confirm whether or not you have a 4-4 fit.

The above guidelines can also be followed if your right-hand-opponent bids over your partner's double. The main difference is that you are not forced to bid if you have 0-8 points If you do bid (1D-DBL-1H-1S, for example), your bid is called a freebid. It shows length in your suit and some values (usually around 6 to 9 playing points), but it does not force partner to bid.

AT THE TABLE

What is your response to partner's takeout double after the auction: 1C by LHO -- DBL by partner -- Pass by RHO ?

♠Q9 ♥J983 ♦Q754 ♣632
Bid 1H. You must respond, and with two suits of equal length, you should choose the major.

♠J42 ♥1092 ♦642 ♣Q1073
Bid 1H. You have club stoppers, but your hand is too weak to bid notrump. Your only alternative is a 3-card suit, so try your cheapest major (and pray). Do not panic and pass!

♠K2 ♥QJ93 ♦A986 ♣632
Bid 2H. The jump tells partner that you have fair values (a "good" 8 up to around 11 points). If partner has extra strength, this may encourage him to bid a game.

♠982 ♥KJ ♦K1072 ♣Q1082
Bid 1NT. You could also bid 1D, but a 1NT bid is more descriptive since it shows your club stopper. It's also more encouraging, since it promises at least 7-10 points

♠104 ♥943 ♦KJ1065 ♣AQ5
Bid 2NT. You have the strength to invite game, but 5D will be a difficult contract. With your balanced pattern and good club stoppers, suggest a notrump game instead. If partner has more than a bare minimum, he'll raise to 3NT.

♠KQ1084 ♥4 ♦AJ106 ♣743
Bid 4S. With your strong suits and a singleton, this hand is worth much more than its 10 high-card points Jump to game to show your great playing strength.

♠AJ84 ♥AQ94 ♦Q5 ♣J103
Bid 2C (cuebid of the opponent's suit). You have enough strength to jump to 4H or 4S, but you aren't sure you have a 4-4 fit (partner's takeout double promised at least 3 cards in all unbid suits, not necessarily 4 cards). The artificial cuebid of their suit forces partner to tell you more. He will usually bid his cheapest 4-card suit, so if he bids 2H, you'll bid 4H. If he bids 2S (showing 4 spades but only 3 hearts), you'll bid 4S. If he rebids 2NT (showing no 4-card major, but promising a club stopper), raise to 3NT.

♠A4 ♥63 ♦Q75 ♣QJ10753
Pass. This is one of the rare hands where it's right to pass and defend 1C doubled. Your pass "converts" partner's takeout double to a penalty double.