Slam Bidding

Decision #1: Do you have enough overall strength?

When considering a slam, you have to first decide if your two hands have the power to take 12 or 13 tricks once you get the lead. You can often add your points to the number partner has shown to determine your chances. For "normal", fairly balanced hands, use these guidelines:

To make a small slam (bid of 6) -- you need 33 points
To make a grand slam (bid of 7) -- you need 37 points

You may make a slam with fewer points if your hands have other features to make up for what you lack in high-card strength. These include:

Extra trumps -- you need at least an 8-card fit to bid a suit slam, but stronger fits produce more tricks. You may score an extra trick for each trump you have over 8.
Long, strong side suits -- if you can set up and run a long side suit, the small cards can be as valuable as honors.
Short suits -- once you know you have a trump fit, add in your distribution points to determine your hand's full value. Voids, singletons and doubletons can provide extra tricks by allowing you to score trumps separately.

Decision #2: Do you have enough controls?

Your second concern is having enough "controls" -- aces, kings, singletons and voids -- to prevent the opponents from cashing two quick tricks. To bid and make a slam, your two hands must have:

A first-round control (Ace or Void) in at least three of the four suits.
At least second-round control (King, KQ, or singleton) in every suit.

Depending on the situation, you can use Blackwood (to ask for aces after a suit bid), Gerber (to ask for aces after a notrump bid), or Cuebids (to find aces when Blackwood can't be used).

The Blackwood Convention -- 4NT to ask for aces

After you and partner have agreed on a trump suit, a bid of 4NT is the Blackwood Convention, which asks partner to tell you how many aces he holds. Partner responds with a 5-level bid that shows the exact number of aces in his hand. The meanings of his responses are:

5C = None or all four aces
5D = One ace
5H = Two aces
5S = Three aces

If two aces are missing --"sign off" in 5 of your suit (or pass, if that was partner's Blackwood response). If your agreed trump suit is clubs or diamonds and you want to sign off in 5NT, bid 5S. This tells partner to bid 5NT, and you will pass.

If only one ace is missing -- you can bid six of your suit or 6NT.

If your side holds all four aces -- and if you think you may have the power to take all the tricks -- you can try for a grand slam by bidding 5NT to ask for kings. Your 5NT bid guarantees that your side holds all four aces and asks partner how many kings he holds. Partner will respond at the 6-level (using the same steps as above) to show the number of kings he holds -- 6C to show none or four kings, 6D to show one, etc.).

The Gerber Convention -- 4C to ask for aces

The Gerber 4C Convention is used to ask for aces after partner opens 1NT or 2NT, or after he opens one of a suit and shows a specific point range by rebidding 1NT or 2NT. In these specific situations, a jump to 4NT would not be Blackwood -- it's a natural raise of notrump that invites partner to bid 6NT if he's at the top of his point range. Partner can pass 4NT if he has a minimum notrump opener or rebid.

A bid of 4C directly over partner's notrump bid is Gerber and asks for aces. Partner's response tells you how many aces he holds:

4D = None or all four aces
4H = One ace
4S = Two aces
4NT = Three aces

If your side holds all four aces and you want to investigate a grand slam, a bid of 5C guarantees you have all four aces and asks for kings (just like a rebid of 5NT after Blackwood 4NT). Partner will respond at the 5-level (using the same steps as above) to show the number of kings he holds (5D to show none or four kings, 5H to show one, etc.) .

General Guidelines for Using Blackwood & Gerber

Don't chicken out if you find you have only three aces. In most cases, if you don't have enough strength to bid a slam missing only one ace, you shouldn't be using an ace-asking bid.

Remember that Blackwood and Gerber tell you only the number of aces partner holds. They don't tell you which suits they're in or whether you're off a cashing Ace-King in a suit. You should use Blackwood or Gerber only when:

You've already found a good a trump suit (or agreed on notrump).
You know you have the overall strength for a slam.
Your hand has controls in all unbid suits (aces, kings or singletons).

DON'T use Blackwood or Gerber if:
1. You have a void.
2. You have a worthless doubleton (xx, Qx, Jx) in an unbid suit.
3. You need to know if partner has control of a specific suit. To get this information, use a cuebidding sequence instead.

The Cuebid -- to find specific aces

For hands where you can't use Blackwood, you can investigate slam by "cuebidding"-- bidding new suits to show outside aces. These are often called control bids. Once you and partner have agreed on a trump suit, a new-suit bid is not a search for a different trump suit. It shows you have control of a specific suit -- an ace or a void -- and is a move toward slam in the suit you've already chosen.

Once you and partner have agreed on a trump suit, a new-suit bid by you shows a suit where you hold an ace. It asks partner to cooperate by bidding a suit where he holds an ace. To save bidding room when you're cuebidding, both partners should always bid the cheapest suit in which they have a control (an ace or a void). You can also continue the cuebidding sequence to find a second-round control (the king or a singleton). Here's an example:

♠AK874 ♥Void ♦QJ3 ♣AKJ103: You open 1S and partner bids 3S (a limit raise with 4 trumps). You want to play in 6S if partner has control of diamonds, but you can't get this information with Blackwood (if you bid 4NT and partner answers one ace, you won't know whether it's the heart ace or diamond ace). To locate the diamond ace, you must start a cuebidding sequence with 4C. This shows your club ace and asks partner to cuebid his cheapest ace. If he has no aces, he'll retreat to 4S.; If partner cuebids 4D, you'll know he has the diamond ace and you can bid 6S. If he instead cuebids 4H, it tells you he has the heart ace but not the diamond ace (since he will cuebid his cheapest ace).; Over partner's 4H cuebid, you can sign off in 4S if you are no longer interested in a slam, but this hand is strong enough to continue the investigation. A 5C cuebid by you shows a second-round control of clubs (king or a singleton) and asks partner to tell you more. Since partner's 4H cuebid already denied the diamond ace, he can now cuebid 5D to show you a second-round control (the king or a singleton). If he bids 5D, you'll bid 6S. If he bids 5H (showing second-round control of hearts but not diamonds), you'll sign off in 5S. If he bids 5S (showing neither control), you'll pass.